Pinus dammara Lambert, Descr. Pinus 1: 61. 1803; Agathis alba Jeffrey; A. loranthifolia Salisbury; Dammara alba Rumphius ex Blume.

Trees to 40 m tall; trunk to 45 cm d.b.h.; bark reddish gray, thick; crown conical; branches slightly drooping; winter buds terminal on branchlets, with a few densely arranged scales. Leaves with petiole 3-8 mm; blade dark green, oblong-la- ceolate or elliptic, ± recurved, 5-12 × 1.2-5 cm, usually smaller on cone-bearing branchlets, leathery, margin thickened, apex usually obtuse, occasionally mucronate. Pollen cones 5-7.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm. Seed cones subglobose or broadly ovoid, to 10 cm; bracts 2.5-3 cm, apex reflexed. Seeds obovoid, ca. 1.2 cm × 7 mm; wing developed on 1 side, membranous, almost cuneate-oblong.

Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong [native to Indonesia, Malaysia].

The trunk richly contains the famous "dammar" resin, which is widely used in industry and medicine. The tree is commonly grown as an ornamental, and also yields timber used for construction.

Regional Distribution
Agathis dammara occurs in lowland to upland tropical rainforest as scattered emergent trees. In lowland to lower montane rainforest it can be associated with Dipterocarpaceae and/or Fagaceae; however, Agathis often retreats to ridges with thin, rocky soils or to water-logged areas where these dominant angiosperms are less vigorous.

Range: Recorded from Indonesia (Maluku [Moluccas] and Sulawesi) and the Philippines. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy have not been calculated but are thought to exceed the thresholds for a threatened listing. It is known from more than 10 locations.

Elevation: up to 2200 m

IUCN Red list - Vulnerable (VU)
Deforestation and targeted logging have been ongoing for many years, have accelerated in recent decades, and are continuing to deplete the global population of this species. Despite some difficulties in interpreting historic distributions due to taxonomic problems, an estimate of 30% reduction between 1950 and 2025 is probably on the conservative side. This puts the species in the Vulnerable category.

References:

Flora of China. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005236