Habit Low, sometimes twiggy, often sparsely branched shrubs or small trees up to 4(-6) m tall; main stem sometimes short, branches slender to robust, ± erect, glabrous or with scattered hairs, usually becoming glabrate, or pubescent, bark sometimes with whitish lenticels close to the prominent leaf scars. Leaves Leaves pale to dark green on upper surface, occasionally tinged lilac crimson, sometimes glaucous, lower surface brighter, sometimes somewhat transparent, thin to firm chartaceous or coriaceous, narrowly to broadly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or rarely slightly obovate, (1-)2.5-8(-20) cm long, (0.5-)1.5-3(-6.5) cm wide, lower surface with often conspicuous lateral veins, glabrous or pilose, especially along the midrib, sometimes hirsute, apex and base acute or rounded, apex sometimes acuminate or slightly apiculate, base rarely subcordate, petioles (2-)4-9(-13) mm long, thin or stout, glabrous or pilose.
Flowers Flowers perfect or unisexual and sometimes appearing perfect, green to yellow, glabrous or hirsute, peduncles 2-15(-25) mm long, glabrous or pilose, sometimes recurved, rachis subglobose, conical, or filiform, rarely forked, 0.4-5 mm long, sometimes up to 12 mm long and then pendulous, glabrous or puberulent, pedicels 0.5-7 mm long, glabrous or with scattered hairs; calyx tube of staminate and perfect flowers (4-)5-9(-13) mm long, outer lobes 1.3-6 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, inner lobes 1.2-5 mm long, 1-3.6 mm wide; calyx tube of pistillate flowers 3-10 mm long, outer lobes 1-9 mm long, 1-3.8 mm wide, inner lobes 1-5 mm long, 1-3.8 mm wide.
Fruit Fruit orange to red, ellipsoid, 6-18 mm long, 4-10 mm in diameter.
Degner, O. 1934-1940. Flora of the Hawaiian Island's.
1888. Flora of the Hawaiian islands:a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams /by William Hillebrand; annotated and published after the author's death by W.F. Hillebrand.