[.Euphorbia celastroides Boiss.; Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. halawana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. h. f. kahanana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. hanapepensis (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. haupuana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. humbertii (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. ingrata (Degener & Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c.
var. kaenana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. kealiana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. koha- lana (Degener & Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. laehiensis (Degener, I. Degener & Sherff) Koutnik; C. c. var. lorifolia (A. Gray) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. mauiensis (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. moomomiana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. nelsonii (St. John) Raju & Rao; C. c. var. nematopoda (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. niuensis (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. odonatoides (Degener & Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. saxicola (Degener & Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. stokesii (C. Forbes) Degener & I. Degener; C. c. var. tomentella (Boiss.) Koutnik; C. c. var. waikoluensis (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. lorifolia (A. Gray) Croizat & Degener; C. multiformis (Hook. & Arnott) Croizat & Degener var. kaalana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. m. var. manoana (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. m. var. perdita (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener; C. m. var. tomentella (Boiss.) Degener & I. Degener; Euphorbia celastroides var. amplectens Sherff; E. c. var. halawana Sherff; E. c. var. h. f. kahanana Sherff; E. c. var. hanapepensis Sherff; E. c. var. haupuana Sherff; E. c. var. humbertii Sherff; E. c. var. ingrata Degener & Sherff; E. c. var. kaenana Sherff; E. c. var. kealiana Sherff; E. c. var. kohalana Degener & Sherff; E. c. var. laehiensis Degener, I. Degener & Sherff; E. c. var. lorifolia Sherff; E. c. var. mauiensis Sherff; E. c. var. moomomiana Sherff; E. c. var. nelsonii St. John; E. c. var. nematopoda Sherff; E. c. var. niuensis Sherff; E. c. var. odonatoides Degener & Sherff; E. c. var. saxicola Degener & Sherff; E. c. var. stokesii (C. Forbes) Sherff; E. c. var. waikoluensis Sherff; E. lorifolia (A. Gray) Hillebr.; E. multiformis Hook. & Arnott var. celastroides A. Gray; E. m. var. kaalana Sherff; E. m. var. lorifolia A. Gray; E. m. var. manoana Sherff; E. m. var. perdita Sherff; E. m. var. tomentella Boiss.; E. oahuensis Skottsb.; E. rivularis A. Heller; E. stokesii C. Forbes]
(end [1 var. E; 1 var. Ex?]) Akoko, koko, ‘ekoko, kokomalei
Shrubs or small trees (0.4-)l-8(-9) m tall; stems prostrate to erect, glabrous to villous, flowering branches often nodose, l-4(-6) mm in diameter. Leaves distichous, sometimes glaucous, oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate to elliptic or linear, (4-) 10- 70(-80) mm long, (3-)5-30(-40) mm wide, upper surface glabrous, lower surface glabrous to pilose or villous, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, retuse or mucronulate, base cuneate to obtuse, oblique, petioles (0.5-)l-5(-6) mm long, glabrous to vil-lous, stipules acute to rounded-triangular, 1—4(—6) mm long, glabrous to villous, erose, ciliate. Cyathia in short or open- branched cymes or solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles (0.5-)2-10(-19) mm long, glabrous to villous; involucre campanulate, (1 —)1.5—3 mm high, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous to villous, glands 4-5, green or red, glabrous to pilose; styles yellow, green, or red, bifid less than Vi to more than Vi their length, 0.5-1 (-1.5) mm long, glabrous to pubescent; stigma thickened. Capsules green to brown, ovoid to rounded-triangu- lar, (0.5-)2-4 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, gynophores erect, exserted 0.5-1 mm from involucre, glabrous to pubescent. Seeds brown to gray, (0.5—)1—2(—2.5) mm long, tetragonal to obcompressed, smooth to rugose. [2n = ca. 38*.] Occasional to common in coastal vegetation and mesic forest, 0-1,800 m, on Nihoa and all of the main islands.—Plate 80.
Chamaesyce celastroides is by far the most variable and widespread of all Hawaiian Chamaesyce. The erectly held capsules distinguish it from all other species except C. herbstii and C. rockii, which have dis-tinctive large fruit. Chamaesyce celas-troides can be separated into 8 varieties, 4 that are glabrous and 4 that are pubescent.
The glabrous varieties are: var. celas-troides [incl. Euphorbia celastroides var. haupuana, E. c. var. humbertii, E. c. var. nematopoda] with narrowly obovate leaves (low elevations on Nihoa, Ni‘ihau, and Kaua‘i); var. hanapepensis [incl. E. celas-troides var. nelsonii, E. rivularis] with long oblanceolate leaves (higher elevations, Kaua‘i); var. kaenana [incl. E. celastroides var. niuensis], a rare and endangered beach plant from 0‘ahu distinctive for its cyathia on compact lateral branches; and var. stokesii [incl. E. celastroides var. kealiana, E. c. var. moomomiana], a beach form with broadly obovate leaves (Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, and Kaho‘olawe). Although the 3 varieties appear to intergrade on Kaua‘i, they are recognized by their habitat distinction.
The pubescent varieties are: var. amplec-tens [incl. Euphorbia celastroides var. halawana, E. c. var. h. f. kahanana, E. c. var. ingrata, E. c. var. kohalana, E. c. var. saxicola, E. c. var. waikoluensis, E. multiformis var. manoana], a variable upland form (all main islands); var. laehiensis with glaucous leaves (low elevations, Lana‘i and East Maui near Manawainui); var. lorifolia [incl. E. celastroides var. mauiensis, E. c. var. odonatoides], a small tree with linear leaves (high elevations, Maui and rare on Lana‘i); and var. tomentella [incl. E. multiformis var. kaalana, E. m. var. perdita, E. oahuen
sis], a presumably extinct tomentose form from 0‘ahu.