Type. Colombia. Caquetá, municipio de San José del Fragua, ronda de bosque cerca al balneario Villa Collazos sobre el rio Fragua, 1°20'04"N, 75°59'28"W, 395 m elev., 14 May 2020, M. Angulo 1550 (Holotype COL, Isoptype COAH, HUA, HUAZ, UMNG). Diagnosis. Piper indiwasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram. can be distinguished from P. scutilimbum C. DC. (1920a:242) by many attributes. Piper indiwasii has 1–1.7 cm long petioles, 7–8 pairs of secondary veins and a narrowly spatulate leaf base extension, 0.4–0.9(1.5) cm wide, vs. P. scutilimbum, which has a 4–6 cm long petioles, 10–12 secondary veins and an obtuse and rounded leaf-base extension, 2.5–4 cm wide. Piper indiwasii occurs in the Amazon watershed, on the eastern foothills of the Andes, while P. scutilimbum occurs west of the Andes in Panama and extends to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. Description. Shrub, up to 2 m tall. Internodes 2–4(5) cm, canaliculate, green, glabrous. Prophylls not seen. Petioles are uniform in size along all axes, 1–1.7 cm long, vaginate along their entire length, canaliculate, glabrous. Leaf-blades coriaceous, drying grey to brown, uniform in size along all axes, (4.5)6–8.5 × (11)14–18 cm, elliptic, symmetric, leaf-base peltate, symmetric, with a narrowly spatulate extension, 0.4–0.9 × (0.5)1–2.3(2.5) cm, the leaf-base extension covering the petiole on sympodial nodes and orientated towards the axis on monopodial nodes, apex acuminate; leaf-blade glabrous on both surfaces, eciliate; pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves 7–8 on each side, brochidodromous, with spacing decreasing towards the base and angle uniform throughout, tertiary veins random reticulate. Inflorescences and infructescences a solitary spike, erect; peduncle 0.9–1.5 cm long, glabrous, green; rachis length in fruit (5)6–20 cm, fruits loosely grouped along the rachis. Floral bracts cucullate, triangular from above, 0.3–0.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous on the adaxial surface, margin eciliate, not forming bands around the spike. Flowers with three stamens, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm long, anthers 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent, dithecous, with connective not protruding, glabrate, idioblasts not evident; stigmas 3, 0.05–1.5 mm long, sessile. Fruits obpyriform, green when alive and brown when dry, 0.6–0.8 × 0.9–1.2 mm, glabrous, partially immersed in the rachis, with stigmas persistent, 0.05–1.5 mm long, sessile. Seeds obpyriform, black. Distribution and habitat. Piper indiwasii is known from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Colombia (Departments of Putumayo, Caquetá and Guaviare), Ecuador (Provinces of Guayas, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Sucumbíos) and Peru (Provinces of Amazonas), from 200 to 1,608 m elevation (Fig. 2). It occurs in lowland (sometimes along riverbanks) and lower montane forests. It is a shade-loving species that grows in the understorey and the edges of trails of preserved forests