Tabebuia xanthophylla DC., in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845.
 Arrabidaea xanthophylla (DC.) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 70. 1896.
 Xylophragma xanthophylla (DC.) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13 
(pt. 5c, no. 1): 65. 1961.
 Pithecoctenium xanthophyllum (DC.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 
199. 1963.
 Spathicalyx xanthophylla (DC.) A.H.Gentry, Phytologia 35(3): 195. 1977. Type: 
Brazil, Amazonas, Alto Amazonas, Rio Negro, Maribi, towards River Japurá, 
Dec. 1819, C.F.P. von Martius 2967 (holotype, G-DC [G00133960]!; isotypes, 
M [M0088929]!, M [M0088930]!, M [M0088931]!, M [M0088932]!, M 
[M0088933]!, M [M0088934]!, M [M0088935]!).
 Habitat and distribution. This species occurs in wet forest vegetation in Bolivia (Beni, 
Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Putumayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), and 
Peru (Amazonas, Cusco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín, Ucayali).
 Phenology. Flowering: October to July; fruiting: February to July and December.
 Notes. Tanaecium xanthophyllum differs from other species of Tanaecium by the leaflets with yellow dendritic simple trichomes, bracteoles with a proportion ≥ 4:5 to the flower pedicel, corollas with peltate trichomes in the ventral portion internally. The species epithet refers to the yellow stems, leaves, inflorescences, and fruits (Tab. 1)